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The Moscow Helsinki Group (also known as the Moscow Helsinki Watch Group, (ロシア語:Моско́вская Хе́льсинкская гру́ппа)) is the leading and the oldest human rights organisation in Russia created to monitor compliance with the Helsinki Accords and to report to the West on Soviet human rights abuses. It still operates as a major human rights organization in Russia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB191/index.htm )〕 The Moscow Helsinki Group inspired the formation of similar groups in other Warsaw Pact countries and support groups in the West. Helsinki Watch Groups were founded in Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Armenia, as well as in the United States (Helsinki Watch, later Human Rights Watch). Similar initiatives sprung up in countries such as Czechoslovakia with Charter 77. Eventually, the Helsinki monitoring groups inspired by the Moscow Helsinki Group formed the International Helsinki Federation. == Founding and Goals == On 1 August 1975, the Soviet Union became one of the 35 nations to sign the Helsinki Accords during the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in Helsinki, Finland. Although the Soviet Union had signed the Accords primarily due to foreign policy considerations, it ultimately accepted a text containing unprecedented human rights provisions. The so-called "Third Basket" of the Accords obliged the signatories to "respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, including freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief." The signatories also confirmed "the right of the individual to know and act upon his rights and duties in this field." Taking advantage of international publicity and contacts to Western journalists, on 12 May 1976 physicist Yuri Orlov announced the formation of the Moscow Helsinki Group at a press-conference held at the apartment of Andrei Sakharov. The newly inaugurated "Public Group to Promote Fulfillment of the Helsinki Accords in the USSR" (Общественная группа содействия выполнению хельсинкских соглашений в СССР) was intended to monitor Soviet compliance with the human rights provisions of the Helsinki Final Act. In addition, the Group announced its goal to inform the heads of the signatory states as well as the world public "about cases of direct violations" of the Helsinki Accords.〔“Ob obrazovanii obshchestvennoy gruppy sodeystviya vypolneniyu khel’sinkskikh soglasheniy v SSSR – The Formation of the Public Group to Promote Observance of the Helsinki Agreements in the USSR” of the Moscow Helsinki Group, reprinted in Dokumenty Moskovskoy Khel’sinkskoy gruppy, 1976-1982, eds. G. V. Kuzovkin and D. I. Zubarev (Moscow, 2006)〕 Apart from Yuri Orlov, the Group’s founding members were Anatoly Shcharansky, Lyudmila Alekseeva, Alexander Korchak, Malva Landa, Vitaly Rubin, Yelena Bonner, Alexander Ginzburg, Anatoly Marchenko, Petro Grigorenko, and Mikhail Bernshtam. Ten other people, including Sofia Kalistratova, Naum Meiman, Yuri Mniukh, Viktor Nekipelov, Tatiana Osipova, Felix Serebrov, Vladimir Slepak, Leonard Ternovsky, and Yuri Yarym-Agaev joined the Group later.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mhg.ru/english/18E49C2 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moscow Helsinki Group」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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